Unit 10
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity.（61）Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Green words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（62）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography，economics，political science，psychology，and sociology. Each of thesesoical sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（63）The emphasis on data gathered firsthand，combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.（64）Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. This insight，so profound in its simplicity，opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned，shared，and patterned behavior.
（65）Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture”，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract concept whichmakes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Unit 10 翻译题解：
61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为两段：
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第二、句子的结构是：
1) 这是个主句+分词短语表示伴随状态的结构：humans have the ability to modify... thus subjecting ...
2) the environment in which they live是先行词+定语从句。
第三、词的处理：
modify the environment in which they live 改变他们的生存环境 subjecting all other life forms to 让所有其它形态的生命服从……
完整的译文：
61）而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。
考点总结：
1）不定式短语做定语；2）介词+定语从句；3）分词短语表示伴随状态。
62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子分析：
第一、 句子可以拆分为四段：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
第二、 句子的主干结构是：
主句+ which引导的定语从句+方式状语（in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner）+定语从句。
第三、 词的处理：
Social science 社会科学 intellectual enquiry 知识探究 humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为 reasoned 理性的 orderly 有序的 systematic 系统的 dispassioned 冷静的 natural phenomena 自然现象
完整的译文：
62） 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
