【注意】take sb’s place 也可以用来表示“代替某人”。
He can take your teacher’s place. 他可以替代你老师的位置。
Lesson42
1. Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 1,500万棵树被狂风刮倒,把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。
分析:1)本句中用了过去完成时的被动语态(been blown down)。过去完成时是一种与过去时相比较而存在的时态,用以表示“过去的过去”的动作或状态。本句的过去完成时是和上句的谓语动词woke up and found (过去时)相比较而存在的,表示“(过去)醒来之前,树就已经被刮倒了”的意思。
2)注意:用来修饰wind的一些形容词,如a high wind(强风),也可以说a strong wind。又如:an adverse/a contrary/head wind 逆风;a fair wind 顺风;a light/soft wind 微风;a cold/an icy/piercing wind 寒风。
3)blocking roads, paths and railway lines是-ing,用作状语,表示如结果。
The fire lasted for three hours, killing 15 workers in all. 大火持续了三个小时,总共死亡15名工人。
2. One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. (==..., she was awake and listened to the rushing winds.) 有位妇女醒着躺在床上,静听那疾驰而过的大风。
分析:awake在句中是形容词,作“醒着”解,它的反义词是asleep(睡着)。它们在句中用作表语,不作定语,如不说an awake woman,但可以说a wakeful woman。
—Is she awake or asleep? 她是醒着还是睡着了?
—She is awake. 她醒了。
但是,在本句中的形容词awake是状语,相当于being awake,表示伴随状态。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里,担心被人捉住。
listening to the rushing winds 是-ing短语,在句中作伴随状语。
He lay on the grass, looking at the stars in the sky. 他躺在草地上,望着天上的星星。
3. The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths. 召来部队把倒下来的树锯断,并帮忙清理大小道路。
分析:1)call in 在句中作“请来”、“找来”、“召来”解。有“请人来作某种专业的咨询或帮忙”的意思。
I think we ought to call in a specialist at this point. 我想在这个时候应当请专家来看看。
2)短语动词cut through作“剪断”、“切断”解。
The tailor cut through the cloth by mistake. 裁缝误把这块布剪断了。
3)fallen trees倒下来的树。fallen是fall的过去分词,用作定语,修饰名词trees。
注意:过去分词有“被动”或“完成”的概念;单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰的名词前面。
damaged houses被破坏的房屋。 injured people受伤的人;
注意:fallen trees与falling trees的区别:
前者是“已经倒下来的树”,强调动作的完成;后者是“正在倒下来的树”,强调动词的进行。
Lesson 43
1. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. 但是要过100多年以后,这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。
分析:1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是it will be more than 100 years, 其中it指代“时间”。before the country ... to look ...是时间状语从句,这个before是连词。as it did