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英语构词法知识讲解

[08-29 06:08:18]   来源:http://www.suxue6.com  教研资讯   阅读:8204

概要:circum- = around circumstance \ circumscribe com- = with, together committee de- = down from deceit dis- = away discharge e- (ef- \ ex- \exo- )= out evade流逸\ export出口\ exclude排除 \ ex-soldier退伍军人\ ex-husband前夫\ exobiology外太空生物学 extra- = outside extracurricular课外的 \ extraordinary格外的 fore- = before forehead前额\ foreground前景 in-(im- \ em- \en- ) = in embed嵌入\ embody体现\ enroll入籍\ import进口\ immigrate移民 \ indoor室内 \ intake吸纳 inter- = between interfere干涉\ interlude插曲 intra- = inside intramural在...
英语构词法知识讲解,标签:教研资讯大全,http://www.suxue6.com
circum- = around circumstance \ circumscribe
com- = with, together committee
de- = down from deceit
dis- = away discharge
e- (ef- \ ex- \exo- )= out evade流逸\ export出口\ exclude排除 \ ex-soldier退伍军人\ ex-husband前夫\ exobiology外太空生物学
extra- = outside extracurricular课外的 \ extraordinary格外的
fore- = before forehead前额\ foreground前景
in-(im- \ em- \en- ) = in embed嵌入\ embody体现\ enroll入籍\ import进口\ immigrate移民 \ indoor室内 \ intake吸纳
inter- = between interfere干涉\ interlude插曲
intra- = inside intramural在城市或者建筑内的 \ intranet内部网络 (区别Internet互联网)
out- = out outdoor户外\ outflow流出
para (pari-)- = around, near parasite寄生虫\ pericardial心脏周围的
per- = through perceive
post- = after postwar战后\ posterity后代
pre- = before prewar战前 \ prehistory史前
pro- = forward protrude伸出 \ progress前进
re- = back recall回忆 \ retell复述
retro- = back retrogress退步 \ retrograde倒退
sub- = under subway地铁\ submarine海面以下的
super- = above superstructure上层建筑 \superficial表面的
sur- = over surface表面 \ surmount攀登上山
trans- = across transatlantic横越大西洋的 \ transport运输
under- = under underground地下的 \underwear内衣
ultra- = beyond ultraviolet紫外线

具有数量意义的有:

一 全部
holo- holography全息照片
mono- monoxide一氧化物 \ monotone单调
pan- Pan- American泛美的
omni- omnipresent无所不在的 \ omnipotent全能的
uni- unicycle


amphi- amphibian两栖动物
bi- bilingual双语的
di- dialogue \ dioxide \
twi- two twilight黎明;黄昏

一半
demi- demigod
hemi- hemisphere
quasi- half quasi-official半官方的
para- half paramilitary准军事性的
semi- half semicircle半圆


tri- three triangle三角形


tetra- four
quadri- four quadrangle四角形


penta- five pentagon五角形


hexa- six hexagon六角形
sex- six


hepta- = seven heptagon七角形
sept- = seven September(古罗马七月) 九月


octa- = eight octagon八角形


deca- = ten decagon十角形

十分之一
deci- = one tenth decimeter


hecto- = hundred


kilo- = thousand kilogram \ kilowatt

千分之一
milli- = milligram

宏macro- = macrocosm
微micro- = microcosm
小mini- = little minibus \ miniskirt
多multi- = multiparty多党的
poly- = many polysyllable多音节词
共同co-(变体有col- \ com- \ con- \ cor- )cooperation \ collaboration \ compassion \ contemporary \ correspond
再re- = again rewrite \ rebuild

3·后缀
最常见的形容词后缀有:

1. -ble:包括:-able : readable \lovable \ knowable \inflammable -ible : sensible \ resistible \conductible 名词一般是-ability \ -ibility:inflammability \ sensibility

2.- al包括:-al : personal \ national 名词一般是-ality:personality \ nationality -ial :
presidential \ dictatorial -ical : typical \ symbolical \ biological (一般由结尾为-y的名词派生而来)

3. -an包括:-an republican \ American -ean : European -ian : Egyptian \ Canadian (名词和形容词同形)

4. - ar包括:-ar : similar \ solar -ular : globular

5. - ed : colored \gifted \ retired

6. -ern : eastern \ western

7. -ese : Chinese \ Japanese(名词和形容词同形)

8. -fold :表示倍数twofold \ manyfold

9. -ful : useful \skillful

10. -ic包括:-ic : atomic \ historic -istic : artistic \ realistic -tic : dramatic \ romantic

11. - ile : infantile \ fertile

12. - ing : changing \ developing

13. - ior :exterior \ interior

14. -ish :childish \ reddish \ English \

15. - ist : socialist \ nationalist

16. -ive包括:-itive : sensitive \ primitive -ive : protective \ productive

17. - less : homeless \ useless

18. - like : childlike \ manlike

19. -ly: friendly \ costly \ daily \

20. - nt包括:-ant : assistant \ expectant \ -ent : insistent \ different \-

21. -ous :包括 -aceous : curvaceous有曲线的\ herbaceous草本的 -acious :vivacious活泼 的、rapacious掠夺的 -aneous : simultaneous同时发生的\ spontaneous自发的 -eous :

righteous正直的 \ gaseous 气体的 -ious : anxious焦急的\ curious好奇的 -ous : dangerous 危险的 \ glorious光荣的

22. -proof: fireproof \ bombproof

23. - ry包括:-ary : secondary \ elementary -ory : informatory \ explanatory

24. -some: troublesome \ lonesome

25. -ward :downward \ seaward

26. - y : rainy \ rosy \ sleepy

最常见的名词后缀有:
表示具体的人、物的后缀:-an (- ian , - ean ,-ane ) \ -ant \ -ar \ -ary \ -er \ -ician \ -ist \ -ite \ -or \ -ory \ -ics \ -ilogy等。
表示抽象的动作情况的后缀: -acity : capacity -acy: fallacy - al (-ial , -eal ) : denial \ refusal -ence ( - ance , -ency , -ancy ): influence \ acceptance \ - ion: union \ creation -ism : heroism -ment (- men) : excitement \ monument - mony : matrimony \ -ness : coldness \ goodness - or :error -sis: analysis \ -tude : longitude \ multitude -ty : novelty -ure: pressure -y : victory
最常见的动词后缀有:
-ate:differentiate \ maturate \
-en:sharpen \ darken \
-fy:simplify \ beautify \classify
-ise(-ize):criticize \ fertilize \ modernize

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