概要：(Stepping out of the yurt)Under the blue sky and white clouds, you will see a vivid picture of flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, galloping horses and skillful herdsmen on horseback brandishing horsewhips. Do you want to go for a ride ? If you are skilled at riding ,why not ride a Mongolian horse for a while or wander about on camelback? If you are afraid of riding horses or camels, never mind .You still can enjoy the nomadic life by taking a special Mongolian vehicle called a &ldquo...
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(Stepping out of the yurt)
Under the blue sky and white clouds, you will see a vivid picture of flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, galloping horses and skillful herdsmen on horseback brandishing horsewhips. Do you want to go for a ride ? If you are skilled at riding ,why not ride a Mongolian horse for a while or wander about on camelback? If you are afraid of riding horses or camels, never mind .You still can enjoy the nomadic life by taking a special Mongolian vehicle called a “Lele”.
(Briefing on the physique of Mongolians)
Now you have had a look at the grassland with your own eyes, but did you noticed that the Mongolian girls are graceful, elegant and vigorous, and the young fellow are robust ,heroic and muscular? It is said that this has much to do with their life styles which are connected with horse sports, running and pursuing. Further, the important role played by milk tea and milk products in developing their muscles and bones cannot be underestimated.
(Briefing on the dietary habit of Mongolians)
Let’s start with milk tea, The host minces the tea and put it in a kettle to boil it .When the kettle starts boiling with a gurgling sound, the host pours the fresh milk into it .Thus the herdsman coming in from a snowstorm will warm up immediately after having such a cup of milk tea. A bowl of milk tea, stir-fried rice ,several piece of a dry milk product and some lamb is regarded as a delicious meal by the ordinary Mongolian herdsman. Milk products include the skin of boiled milk, milk curd, milk wine ,cheese ,butter and so on .The formal meal may be served with meat and a flour-base product.
While you are here on the grassland ,it will be a great pity if you do not try “Shouba Lamb”(boil meat which is eaten using a knife and your hands).The lamb is first cut into big slices and then put into boiling water to cook. When it is half done, you cut it into smaller pieces with the Mongolian knife and eat it .The Mongolian people think that half-done meat contains more nutrients.
(Briefing on Mongolian clothing)
The Mongolian robe is unique to this ethnic group .The robe is often matched with a belt and head decorations. With its high collar and long sleeves, the robe protects people from mosquitoes .The middle part of the robe is made loose for the convenience of riding horses and is long enough to keep the knees warm. You can find all kinds of clothes here today, but the robe is the cultural heritage of the Mongolians and has become a symbol of their national conscience and identity.
(Briefing on Mongolian yurta)
You can see mongolian yurta here and there on grassland. But do you know the history and structure of the Mongolian yurta? According to the historical records of the Xiongnu, an ancient ethnic group, their ancestors lived in the Northland long ago .Their living quarters were called yurta. In this sense Mongolians, as a ethnic group ,can date to 4,000 years ago .So the Mongolian yurta are a symbol of the history of this ethnic group .Now let’s talk about the construction of a yurt are a symbol of the history of this ethnic group, Now let’s talk about the construction of a yurt. Herdsmen first build a round foundation with pieces of stones. Then they set up the structure with wooden woods and beams linked together with woolen or fur ropes, Lastly ,they cover the structure with animal skins or felt blankets. The ceiling of the yurt is round .With such a structure, the yurt can withstand snowstorms and heavy rainfalls. The door of the yurt is small and down to the ground .The yurt can be easily moved and this is suitable for nomadic life. This accounts for the reason why the structure of the yurt remains unchanged till today .If the Mongolian yurt is seen as the home of the herdsmen, then the “lele”carts can be viewed as their mobile homes. “lele”carts move slowly with big noise. It is hard to tell when the history of “lele”carts began. All the carts are made of birch, so they will remain in good condition even in wet weather. The wheels of the carts are tall and can easily roll across the uneven roads ,lush bushes ,thick snow and marshes. “lele”carts are indispensable for herdsmen when they move cross snow-covered areas.
(Briefing on Mongolian festivals)
There are a lot of Mongolian festivals held every year on the grassland, but the most famous one is Nadam, the carnival the grassland. “Nadam” in the Mongolian language means recreation or entertainment .When it comes ,there will be a lot of performances, such as horse racing ,wrestling ,archery and some other special ethnic performances .The Nadam fair is a time-honored festival and was known world wide for 700years ,Nowadays the Nadam fair is often held during the harvest season of the grassland ,either in June or July. During that period ,herdsmen often take the opportunity to sell domestic animals and livestock products and purchase daily necessities and livelihood-related goods. Actually ,the herdsmen have few chances to get together on such a vast grassland ,so Nadam also plays the role of a big trade fair for them ,When we talk about Nadam, we should also talk about offering sacrifice at “Aobao”. “Aobao” in Mongolian means a pile of rocks or earth. On the vast and endless grassland, it is hard to tell directions, so people thought of pilling rocks or earth to mark them. In its long historical development Aobao has become the shrine to offer sacrifices to the God of the Mountain and the God of the Road. During the sacrifice –offering ceremony, people insert tree branches into the Aobao and put pieces of colorful cloth or paper flags with written scripture on the branches There are four types of memorial ceremonies ,namely blood, wine, fire and jade .No matter what type it is ,a lama will be invited to burn incenses, chant scriptures and pray for the blessing of the people and their livestock .Participants will walk around the Aobao clockwise three times. After the ceremony ,the herdsmen will not only enjoy horse races, wrestling and archery ,but also singing ,dancing and drinking to their heart’s content .Around that time, young lovers will probably leave the crowd to be in a world of their own.
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